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EQS-Ad-hoc: BP p.l.c. / Key word(s): Quarter Results Top of page 1
RC profit (loss), underlying RC profit (loss), surplus cash flow, net debt, ROACE, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBIDA, underlying RC profit per ordinary share and underlying RC profit per ADS are non-GAAP measures. Inventory holding (gains) losses and adjusting items are non-GAAP adjustments. * For items marked with an asterisk throughout this document, definitions are provided in the Glossary on page 36.
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Top of page 3 Financial results At 31 December 2021, the group's reportable segments were gas & low carbon energy, oil production & operations, customers & products and Rosneft. The group has ceased to report Rosneft as a separate segment in the group's financial reporting for 2022. From the first quarter of 2022, the group's reportable segments are gas & low carbon energy, oil production & operations and customers & products. For more information see Note 1 Basis of preparation - Investment in Rosneft. For the period from 1 January 2022 to 27 February 2022, net income from Rosneft is classified as an adjusting item. In addition to the highlights on page 2:
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Analysis of RC profit (loss) before interest and tax and reconciliation to profit (loss) for the period
Analysis of underlying RC profit (loss) before interest and tax
Reconciliations of underlying RC profit attributable to bp shareholders to the nearest equivalent IFRS measure are provided on page 1 for the group and on pages 6-15 for the segments.
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Operating Metrics
Reserves replacement ratio* The organic reserves replacement ratio (RRR) on a combined basis of subsidiaries and equity-accounted entities was 20% for the year (2021 50%). The decrease is largely due to price related reserves reductions in our production-sharing agreements*. The announced exit from Russia is treated as a divestment and therefore impacts only total RRR, not organic.
Outlook & Guidance Macro outlook
1Q23 guidance
2023 guidance In addition to the guidance on page 2:
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gas & low carbon energy* Financial results
Operational update
Strategic progress gas
low carbon energy
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gas & low carbon energy (continued)
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gas & low carbon energy (continued)
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oil production & operations Financial results
Operational update
Strategic Progress
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oil production & operations (continued)
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customers & products Financial results
Castrol results for the fourth quarter and full year were lower than the same periods in 2021, due to higher input costs, ongoing COVID restrictions, notably in China, and adverse foreign exchange impacts.
Operational update
Strategic progress
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customers & products (continued)
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customers & products (continued)
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other businesses & corporate Other businesses & corporate comprises innovation & engineering, bp ventures, Launchpad, regions, corporates & solutions, our corporate activities & functions and any residual costs of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. From first quarter 2022 the results of Rosneft, previously reported as a separate segment, are also included in other businesses & corporate. Comparative information for 2021 has been restated to reflect the changes in reportable segments. For more information see Note 1 Basis of Preparation - Investment in Rosneft. Financial results
other businesses & corporate (excluding Rosneft) Strategic progress
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other businesses & corporate (Rosneft)
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Financial statements Group income statement
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Condensed group statement of comprehensive income
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Condensed group statement of changes in equity
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Group balance sheet
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Condensed group cash flow statement
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Notes Note 1. Basis of preparation The results for the interim periods are unaudited and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for each period. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. This report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended 31 December 2021 included in BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021. bp prepares its consolidated financial statements included within BP Annual Report and Form 20-F on the basis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), IFRS as adopted by the UK, and European Union (EU), and in accordance with the provisions of the UK Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under international accounting standards. IFRS as adopted by the UK does not differ from IFRS as adopted by the EU. IFRS as adopted by the UK and EU differ in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB. The differences have no impact on the group's consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The financial information presented herein has been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies expected to be used in preparing BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022 which are the same as those used in preparing BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021. There are no new or amended standards or interpretations adopted from 1 January 2022 onwards that have a significant impact on the financial information. Significant accounting judgements and estimates bp's significant accounting judgements and estimates were disclosed in BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021. These have been subsequently considered at the end of each quarter to determine if any changes were required to those judgements and estimates. Impairment testing assumptions The group's value-in-use impairment testing price assumptions for Brent oil and Henry Hub gas were revised during the fourth quarter from those disclosed in the BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021. Prices disclosed are in real 2021 terms. The Brent oil assumption up to 2030 was increased to $70 per barrel to reflect near term supply constraints before steadily declining to $45 per barrel by 2050 continuing to reflect the assumption that as the energy system decarbonises, falling oil demand will cause oil prices to decline. The price assumptions for Henry Hub gas up to 2035 and up to 2050 were increased to $4 per mmBtu and $3.50 per mmBtu respectively to reflect the increased demand for US gas production to offset reducing Russian gas flows. A summary of the group's price assumptions for value-in-use impairment testing, in real 2021 terms, is provided below:
The post-tax discount rates used for value-in-use impairment testing of assets other than low carbon energy assets was increased to 7% (31 December 2021: 6%) reflecting rising costs of capital. Provisions The nominal risk-free discount rate applied to provisions is reviewed on a quarterly basis. The discount rate applied to the group's provisions was revised to 3.5% in the fourth quarter (31 December 2021 2.0%) to reflect increasing US Treasury yields. The principal impact of this rate increase was a $2.1 billion decrease in the decommissioning provision with a corresponding decrease in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment of $1.6 billion in the fourth quarter. Pensions and other post-retirement benefits The group's defined benefit plans are reviewed quarterly to determine any changes to the fair value of the plan assets or present value of the defined benefit obligations. As a result of the review during the fourth quarter of 2022, the group's total net defined benefit plan surplus as at 31 December 2022 is $4.0 billion, compared to a surplus of $5.0 billion at 30 September 2022 and $4.1 billion at 31 December 2021. The movement for the year principally reflects net actuarial gains reported in other comprehensive income arising from significant increases in the UK, US and Eurozone discount rates largely offset by negative asset performance. The current environment is likely to continue to affect the values of the plan assets and obligations resulting in potential volatility in the amount of the net defined benefit pension plan surplus/deficit recognized. Investment in Rosneft On 27 February 2022, bp announced it will exit its shareholding in Rosneft and bp's two nominated Rosneft directors both stepped down from Rosneft's board. As a result, the significant judgement on significant influence over Rosneft was reassessed and a new significant estimate was identified for the fair value of bp's equity investment in Rosneft. From that date, bp accounts for its interest in Rosneft as a financial asset measured at fair value within 'Other investments'. Russia has implemented a number of counter-sanctions including restrictions on the divestment from Russian assets by foreign investors. Further, bp is not able to sell its Rosneft shares on the Moscow Stock Exchange and is unable to ascribe probabilities to possible outcomes of any exit process. As a result, it is considered that any measure of fair value, other than nil, would be subject to such high measurement uncertainty that no estimate would provide useful information even if it were accompanied by a description of the estimate made in producing it and an explanation of the uncertainties that affect the estimate. Accordingly, it is not currently possible to estimate any carrying value other than zero when determining the measurement of the interest in Rosneft as at 31 December 2022.
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Note 1. Basis of preparation (continued) During the year ended 31 December 2022, Rosneft held shareholders meetings to approve resolutions to pay dividends. bp did not participate in those meetings. In line with the resolutions, bp would be entitled to dividend income. Russia has imposed restrictions on the payments of dividends to certain foreign shareholders, including those based in the UK, requiring such dividends to be paid in roubles into restricted bank accounts and a requirement for approval of the Russian government for transfers from any such bank accounts out of Russia. Given the restrictions applicable to such accounts, management considers that the criteria for recognising any dividend income from Rosneft for the year ended 31 December 2022 have not been met. As a result of bp's decision to exit its shareholding in Rosneft in the first quarter 2022, the group has ceased to report Rosneft as a separate segment in its financial reporting for 2022. Rosneft results up to 27 February 2022 are included within other businesses & corporate (OB&C), and 2021 comparatives have been restated to include the Rosneft segment as per the table below.
Since the first quarter 2022, bp has also determined that its other businesses with Rosneft within Russia, which are included in the oil production & operations segment also have a fair value of nil and are subject to similar sanctions and restrictions with respect to the receipt of dividends as described above. Management considers that the criteria for recognising dividend income from other businesses with Rosneft within Russia that declared a dividend in the fourth quarter 2022 have not been met. The total pre-tax charge for the year to 31 December 2022 relating to bp's investment in Rosneft and other businesses with Rosneft in Russia is $25,520 million.
Note 2. Business combinations The group undertook a number of business combinations during 2022. For the fourth quarter and full year 2022, total consideration paid in cash amounted to $3,663 million and $3,671 million respectively, offset by cash acquired of $141 million. Archaea Energy On 28 December 2022, bp acquired 100% of the issued common stock of Archaea Energy Inc. a leading producer of renewable natural gas (RNG) in the US, that was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The acquisition expands bp's presence in the US biogas industry, enhancing its ability to support customers' decarbonization goals and progressing its aim to reduce the average lifecycle carbon intensity of the energy products it sells. The total cash consideration for the transaction, all paid at completion, was $3,137 million. The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method. The provisional fair values of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired, as at the date of acquisition, are shown in the table below. The goodwill recognized reflects the part of the project development pipeline that did not qualify for separate recognition at the acquisition date and goodwill arising from recognition of deferred tax liabilities on fair value uplifts. The goodwill balance is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The transaction included a step acquisition of the Mavrix LLC joint venture, which bp and Archaea Energy each held a 50% interest in prior to this transaction. The fair value of bp's interest in Mavrix LLC immediately before the acquisition date was $373 million and the gain recognized in 'Interest and other income' as a result of remeasuring this interest to fair value was $267 million.
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Note 2. Business combinations (continued)
As the transaction completed shortly prior to the end of the reporting period, the acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired are provisional. As we gain further understanding of the acquired assets and development pipeline, these fair values may be subsequently adjusted, including goodwill. An analysis of the cash flows relating to the acquisition included within the cash flow statement for the full year 2022 is provided below.
The revenues and profit before tax generated by the acquired activities from the date of acquisition to 31 December 2022 were immaterial. If the business combination had taken place on 1 January 2022, it is estimated that the acquired activities would have generated revenues of $370 million and losses before tax of $169 million. Other acquisitions The fair value of the net assets (including goodwill) recognized from other business combinations in the fourth quarter and full year was $611 million. This principally related to the acquisitions of the Flat Ridge 2 wind farm and EDF Energy Services in North America.
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Note 3. Non-current assets held for sale The carrying amount of assets classified as held for sale at 31 December 2022 is $1,242 million, with associated liabilities of $321 million. These relate to the transactions described below. On 7 September 2022, bp announced that it had agreed to sell its upstream business in Algeria to Eni. Completion is subject to customary governmental and other approvals. Assets of $511 million and associated liabilities of $48 million have been classified as held for sale in the group balance sheet at 31 December 2022. On 8 August 2022, bp announced an agreement to sell its 50% interest in the bp-Husky Toledo refinery in Ohio US, to Cenovus Energy, its partner in the facility. Following a fire at the refinery, it has been shut down since 20 September 2022. Assets of $731 million and associated liabilities of $273 million have been classified as held for sale in the group balance sheet at 31 December 2022.
Note 4. Impairment and losses on sale of businesses and fixed assets(a) Net impairment reversals and losses on sale of businesses and fixed assets for the fourth quarter were a charge of $3,629 million and net impairment charges and losses on sale of businesses and fixed assets for the full year were $30,522 million, compared with net charges of $1,223 million and reversals of $1,121 million for the same periods in 2021 and include net impairment charges for the quarter of $3,564 million and for the full year of $18,341 million, compared with net charges of $1,137 million and reversals of $1,351 million for the same periods in 2021. gas & low carbon energy segment In the gas & low carbon energy segment there was a net impairment reversal of $1,111 million and $588 million for the fourth quarter and full year respectively, compared with net reversals of $553 million and $1,504 million for the same periods in 2021 respectively. oil production & operations segment In the oil production & operations segment there was a net impairment charge of $3,251 million and $3,587 million for the fourth quarter and full year respectively, compared with net charges of $790 million and reversals of $862 million for the same periods in 2021. Impairment charges in the fourth quarter principally relate to expected portfolio changes with recoverable amounts of those cash generating units based on their fair value less costs to sell. Impairment charges for the year ended 31 December 2022 included charges related to the decision to exit other businesses with Rosneft within Russia. customers and products In the customer and products segment there was a net impairment charge of $1,380 million and $1,806 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 respectively compared with net charges of $885 million and $949 million for the same periods in 2021. 2022 impairment charges principally relate to changes in long-term economic assumptions in the Products business and announced portfolio changes. The recoverable amounts of the cash generating units were based on value-in-use calculations. other businesses and corporate In the other businesses and corporate segment there was an impairment charge of $44 million and $13,536 million for the fourth quarter and full year respectively, compared with net impairment charges of $15 million and $66 million for the same periods in 2021. The impairment charge and the loss on sale of businesses and fixed assets for the year mainly relates to bp's investment in Rosneft - see Note 1.
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Note 5. Analysis of replacement cost profit (loss) before interest and tax and reconciliation to profit (loss) before taxation
(a)From first quarter 2022 the results of Rosneft, previously reported as a separate segment, are also included in other businesses & corporate. Comparative information for 2021 has been restated to reflect the changes in reportable segments. For more information see Note 1 Basis of preparation - Investment in Rosneft.
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Note 6. Sales and other operating revenues
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Note 7. Depreciation, depletion and amortization
Note 8. Earnings per share and shares in issue Basic earnings per ordinary share (EpS) amounts are calculated by dividing the profit (loss) for the period attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Against the authority granted at bp's 2022 annual general meeting, 586 million ordinary shares repurchased for cancellation were settled during the fourth quarter 2022 for a total cost of $3,240 million. This brings the total number of shares repurchased and settled in the full year to 1,900 million for a total cost of $9,996 million. A further 84 million ordinary shares were repurchased between the end of the reporting period and the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue for a total cost of $497 million which has been accrued at 31 December 2022. The number of shares in issue is reduced when shares are repurchased, but is not reduced in respect of the period-end commitment to repurchase shares subsequent to the end of the period. 165 million new ordinary shares were issued in April 2022 as non-cash consideration for the acquisition of the public units of BP Midstream Partners LP. The calculation of EpS is performed separately for each discrete quarterly period, and for the year-to-date period. As a result, the sum of the discrete quarterly EpS amounts in any particular year-to-date period may not be equal to the EpS amount for the year-to-date period. For the diluted EpS calculation the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for the number of shares that are potentially issuable in connection with employee share-based payment plans using the treasury stock method.
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Note 9. Dividends Dividends payable BP today announced an interim dividend of 6.610 cents per ordinary share which is expected to be paid on 31 March 2023 to ordinary shareholders and American Depositary Share (ADS) holders on the register on 17 February 2023. The ex-dividend date will be 16 February 2023. The corresponding amount in sterling is due to be announced on 14 March 2023, calculated based on the average of the market exchange rates over three dealing days between 8 March 2023 and 10 March 2023. Holders of ADSs are expected to receive $0.39660 per ADS (less applicable fees). The board has decided not to offer a scrip dividend alternative in respect of the fourth quarter 2022 dividend. Ordinary shareholders and ADS holders (subject to certain exceptions) will be able to participate in a dividend reinvestment programme. Details of the fourth quarter dividend and timetable are available at bp.com/dividends and further details of the dividend reinvestment programmes are available at bp.com/drip.
Note 10. Net debt
As part of actively managing its debt portfolio, year to date the group has bought back a total of $7.4 billion of finance debt ($11.0 billion equivalent for the comparative period in 2021, fourth quarter 2022 $nil, fourth quarter 2021 $2.9 billion) consisting entirely of US dollar bonds. Derivatives associated with non-US dollar debt bought back in relevant comparative periods were also terminated. These transactions have no significant impact on net debt or gearing.
Note 11. Statutory accounts The financial information shown in this publication, which was approved by the Board of Directors on 6 February 2023, is unaudited and does not constitute statutory financial statements. Audited financial information will be published in BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2022. BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021 has been filed with the Registrar of Companies in England and Wales. The report of the auditor on those accounts was unqualified, did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying the report and did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or section 498(3) of the UK Companies Act 2006.
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Additional information Capital expenditure*
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Adjusting items*
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Net debt including leases
Gulf of Mexico oil spill
During the second quarter pre-tax payments of $1,204 million were made relating to the 2016 consent decree and settlement agreement with the United States and the five Gulf coast states. Payables and provisions presented in the table above reflect the latest estimate for the remaining costs associated with the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. Where amounts have been provided on an estimated basis, the amounts ultimately payable may differ from the amounts provided and the timing of payments is uncertain. Further information relating to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, including information on the nature and expected timing of payments relating to provisions and other payables, is provided in BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021 - Financial statements - Notes 6, 8, 19, 21, 22, 28, and 32.
Working capital* reconciliation
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Surplus cash flow* reconciliation
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Adjusted earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBITDA)*
Adjusted earnings before interest, depreciation and amortization (adjusted EBIDA)*
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Return on average capital employed (ROACE)*
Reconciliation of customers & products RC profit before interest and tax to underlying RC profit before interest and tax* to adjusted EBITDA* by business
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Realizations* and marker prices
Exchange rates
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Legal proceedings For a full discussion of the group's material legal proceedings, see pages 248-249 of bp Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021. Glossary Non-GAAP measures are provided for investors because they are closely tracked by management to evaluate bp's operating performance and to make financial, strategic and operating decisions. Non-GAAP measures are sometimes referred to as alternative performance measures. Adjusted EBIDA is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as profit or loss for the period, adjusting for finance costs and net finance (income) or expense relating to pensions and other post-retirement benefits and taxation, inventory holding gains or losses before tax, net adjusting items* before interest and tax, and taxation on an underlying RC basis, and adding back depreciation, depletion and amortization (pre-tax) and exploration expenditure written-off (net of adjusting items, pre-tax). bp believes that adjusted EBIDA is a useful measure for investors because it is a measure closely tracked by management to evaluate bp's operating performance and to make financial, strategic and operating decisions and because it may help investors to understand and evaluate, in the same manner as management, the underlying trends in bp's operational performance on a comparable basis, period on period. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is profit or loss for the period. A reconciliation of profit or loss for the period to adjusted EBIDA is provided on page 33. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure presented for bp's operating segments and is defined as replacement cost (RC) profit before interest and tax, excluding net adjusting items* before interest and tax, and adding back depreciation, depletion and amortization and exploration write-offs (net of adjusting items). Adjusted EBITDA by business is a further analysis of adjusted EBITDA for the customers & products businesses. bp believes it is helpful to disclose adjusted EBITDA by operating segment and by business because it reflects how the segments measure underlying business delivery. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis for the segment is RC profit or loss before interest and tax, which is bp's measure of profit or loss that is required to be disclosed for each operating segment under IFRS. Adjusted EBITDA for the group is defined as profit or loss for the period, adjusting for finance costs and net finance (income) or expense relating to pensions and other post-retirement benefits and taxation, inventory holding gains or losses before tax, net adjusting items before interest and tax, and adding back depreciation, depletion and amortization (pre-tax) and exploration expenditure written-off (net of adjusting items, pre-tax). The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis for the group is profit or loss for the period. A reconciliation of profit or loss for the period to adjusted EBITDA is provided on page 33. Adjusting items are items that bp discloses separately because it considers such disclosures to be meaningful and relevant to investors. They are items that management considers to be important to period-on-period analysis of the group's results and are disclosed in order to enable investors to better understand and evaluate the group's reported financial performance. Adjusting items include gains and losses on the sale of businesses and fixed assets, impairments, environmental and other provisions, restructuring, integration and rationalization costs, fair value accounting effects, financial impacts relating to Rosneft for the 2022 financial reporting period and costs relating to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill and other items. Adjusting items within equity-accounted earnings are reported net of incremental income tax reported by the equity-accounted entity. Adjusting items are used as a reconciling adjustment to derive underlying RC profit or loss and related underlying measures which are non-GAAP measures. An analysis of adjusting items by segment and type is shown on page 30. Blue hydrogen - Hydrogen made from natural gas in combination with carbon capture and storage (CCS). Capital expenditure is total cash capital expenditure as stated in the condensed group cash flow statement. Capital expenditure for the operating segments and customers & products businesses is presented on the same basis. Cash balance point is defined as the implied Brent oil price 2021 real to balance bp's sources and uses of cash assuming an average bp refining marker margin around $11/bbl and Henry Hub at $3/mmBtu in 2021 real terms. Consolidation adjustment - UPII is unrealized profit in inventory arising on inter-segment transactions. Developed renewables to final investment decision (FID) - Total generating capacity for assets developed to FID by all entities where bp has an equity share (proportionate to equity share). If asset is subsequently sold bp will continue to record capacity as developed to FID. If bp equity share increases developed capacity to FID will increase proportionately to share increase for any assets where bp held equity at the point of FID. Divestment proceeds are disposal proceeds as per the condensed group cash flow statement. Effective tax rate (ETR) on replacement cost (RC) profit or loss is a non-GAAP measure. The ETR on RC profit or loss is calculated by dividing taxation on a RC basis by RC profit or loss before tax. Taxation on a RC basis for the group is calculated as taxation as stated on the group income statement adjusted for taxation on inventory holding gains and losses. Information on RC profit or loss is provided below. bp believes it is helpful to disclose the ETR on RC profit or loss because this measure excludes the impact of price changes on the replacement of inventories and allows for more meaningful comparisons between reporting periods. Taxation on a RC basis and ETR on RC profit or loss are non-GAAP measures. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is the ETR on profit or loss for the period. Electric vehicle charge points / EV charge points are defined as the number of connectors on a charging device, operated by either bp or a bp joint venture. Top of page 37
Glossary (continued) Fair value accounting effects are non-GAAP adjustments to our IFRS profit (loss). They reflect the difference between the way bp manages the economic exposure and internally measures performance of certain activities and the way those activities are measured under IFRS. Fair value accounting effects are included within adjusting items. They relate to certain of the group's commodity, interest rate and currency risk exposures as detailed below. Other than as noted below, the fair value accounting effects described are reported in both the gas & low carbon energy and customer & products segments. bp uses derivative instruments to manage the economic exposure relating to inventories above normal operating requirements of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products. Under IFRS, these inventories are recorded at historical cost. The related derivative instruments, however, are required to be recorded at fair value with gains and losses recognized in the income statement. This is because hedge accounting is either not permitted or not followed, principally due to the impracticality of effectiveness-testing requirements. Therefore, measurement differences in relation to recognition of gains and losses occur. Gains and losses on these inventories, other than net realizable value provisions, are not recognized until the commodity is sold in a subsequent accounting period. Gains and losses on the related derivative commodity contracts are recognized in the income statement, from the time the derivative commodity contract is entered into, on a fair value basis using forward prices consistent with the contract maturity. bp enters into physical commodity contracts to meet certain business requirements, such as the purchase of crude for a refinery or the sale of bp's gas production. Under IFRS these physical contracts are treated as derivatives and are required to be fair valued when they are managed as part of a larger portfolio of similar transactions. Gains and losses arising are recognized in the income statement from the time the derivative commodity contract is entered into. IFRS require that inventory held for trading is recorded at its fair value using period-end spot prices, whereas any related derivative commodity instruments are required to be recorded at values based on forward prices consistent with the contract maturity. Depending on market conditions, these forward prices can be either higher or lower than spot prices, resulting in measurement differences. bp enters into contracts for pipelines and other transportation, storage capacity, oil and gas processing, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and certain gas and power contracts that, under IFRS, are recorded on an accruals basis. These contracts are risk-managed using a variety of derivative instruments that are fair valued under IFRS. This results in measurement differences in relation to recognition of gains and losses. The way that bp manages the economic exposures described above, and measures performance internally, differs from the way these activities are measured under IFRS. bp calculates this difference for consolidated entities by comparing the IFRS result with management's internal measure of performance. We believe that disclosing management's estimate of this difference provides useful information for investors because it enables investors to see the economic effect of these activities as a whole. These include:
Furthermore, the fair values of derivative instruments used to risk manage certain other oil, gas, power and other contracts, are deferred to match with the underlying exposure. The commodity contracts for business requirements are accounted for on an accruals basis. In addition, fair value accounting effects include changes in the fair value of derivatives entered into by the group to manage currency exposure and interest rate risks relating to hybrid bonds to their respective first call periods. The hybrid bonds which were issued on 17 June 2020 are classified as equity instruments and were recorded in the balance sheet at that date at their USD equivalent issued value. Under IFRS these equity instruments are not remeasured from period to period, and do not qualify for application of hedge accounting. The derivative instruments relating to the hybrid bonds, however, are required to be recorded at fair value with mark to market gains and losses recognized in the income statement. Therefore, measurement differences in relation to the recognition of gains and losses occur. The fair value accounting effect, which is reported in the other businesses & corporate segment, eliminates the fair value gains and losses of these derivative financial instruments that are recognized in the income statement. We believe that this gives a better representation of performance, by more appropriately reflecting the economic effect of these risk management activities, in each period.
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Glossary (continued) Gas & low carbon energy segment comprises our gas and low carbon businesses. Our gas business includes regions with upstream activities that predominantly produce natural gas, integrated gas and power, and gas trading. Our low carbon business includes solar, offshore and onshore wind, hydrogen and CCS, power trading and our share in bp Bunge Bioenergia. Power trading includes trading of both renewable and non-renewable power. Gearing and net debt are non-GAAP measures. Net debt is calculated as finance debt, as shown in the balance sheet, plus the fair value of associated derivative financial instruments that are used to hedge foreign currency exchange and interest rate risks relating to finance debt, for which hedge accounting is applied, less cash and cash equivalents. Net debt does not include accrued interest, which is reported within other receivables and other payables on the balance sheet and for which the associated cash flows are presented as operating cash flows in the group cash flow statement. Gearing is defined as the ratio of net debt to the total of net debt plus total equity. bp believes these measures provide useful information to investors. Net debt enables investors to see the economic effect of finance debt, related hedges and cash and cash equivalents in total. Gearing enables investors to see how significant net debt is relative to total equity. The derivatives are reported on the balance sheet within the headings 'Derivative financial instruments'. The nearest equivalent GAAP measures on an IFRS basis are finance debt and finance debt ratio. A reconciliation of finance debt to net debt is provided on page 28. We are unable to present reconciliations of forward-looking information for net debt or gearing to finance debt and total equity, because without unreasonable efforts, we are unable to forecast accurately certain adjusting items required to present a meaningful comparable GAAP forward-looking financial measure. These items include fair value asset (liability) of hedges related to finance debt and cash and cash equivalents, that are difficult to predict in advance in order to include in a GAAP estimate. Gearing including leases and net debt including leases are non-GAAP measures. Net debt including leases is calculated as net debt plus lease liabilities, less the net amount of partner receivables and payables relating to leases entered into on behalf of joint operations. Gearing including leases is defined as the ratio of net debt including leases to the total of net debt including leases plus total equity. bp believes these measures provide useful information to investors as they enable investors to understand the impact of the group's lease portfolio on net debt and gearing. The nearest equivalent GAAP measures on an IFRS basis are finance debt and finance debt ratio. A reconciliation of finance debt to net debt including leases is provided on page 31. Green hydrogen - Hydrogen made from solar, wind and hydro-electricity. Hydrocarbons - Liquids and natural gas. Natural gas is converted to oil equivalent at 5.8 billion cubic feet = 1 million barrels. Inorganic capital expenditure is a subset of capital expenditure on a cash basis and a non-GAAP measure. Inorganic capital expenditure comprises consideration in business combinations and certain other significant investments made by the group. It is reported on a cash basis. bp believes that this measure provides useful information as it allows investors to understand how bp's management invests funds in projects which expand the group's activities through acquisition. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is capital expenditure on a cash basis. Further information and a reconciliation to GAAP information is provided on page 29. Installed renewables capacity is bp's share of capacity for operating assets owned by entities where bp has an equity share. Inventory holding gains and losses are non-GAAP adjustments to our IFRS profit (loss) and represent:
The amounts disclosed are not separately reflected in the financial statements as a gain or loss. No adjustment is made in respect of the cost of inventories held as part of a trading position and certain other temporary inventory positions that are price risk-managed. See Replacement cost (RC) profit or loss definition below. Liquids - Liquids comprises crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids. For the oil production & operations segment, it also includes bitumen. Major projects have a bp net investment of at least $250 million, or are considered to be of strategic importance to bp or of a high degree of complexity. Operating cash flow is net cash provided by (used in) operating activities as stated in the condensed group cash flow statement.
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Glossary (continued) Organic capital expenditure is a non-GAAP measure. Organic capital expenditure comprises capital expenditure on a cash basis less inorganic capital expenditure. bp believes that this measure provides useful information as it allows investors to understand how bp's management invests funds in developing and maintaining the group's assets. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is capital expenditure on a cash basis and a reconciliation to GAAP information is provided on page 29. We are unable to present reconciliations of forward-looking information for organic capital expenditure to total cash capital expenditure, because without unreasonable efforts, we are unable to forecast accurately the adjusting item, inorganic capital expenditure, that is difficult to predict in advance in order to derive the nearest GAAP estimate. Production-sharing agreement/contract (PSA/PSC) is an arrangement through which an oil and gas company bears the risks and costs of exploration, development and production. In return, if exploration is successful, the oil company receives entitlement to variable physical volumes of hydrocarbons, representing recovery of the costs incurred and a stipulated share of the production remaining after such cost recovery. Realizations are the result of dividing revenue generated from hydrocarbon sales, excluding revenue generated from purchases made for resale and royalty volumes, by revenue generating hydrocarbon production volumes. Revenue generating hydrocarbon production reflects the bp share of production as adjusted for any production which does not generate revenue. Adjustments may include losses due to shrinkage, amounts consumed during processing, and contractual or regulatory host committed volumes such as royalties. For the gas & low carbon energy and oil production & operations segments, realizations include transfers between businesses. Refining availability represents Solomon Associates' operational availability for bp-operated refineries, which is defined as the percentage of the year that a unit is available for processing after subtracting the annualized time lost due to turnaround activity and all planned mechanical, process and regulatory downtime. The Refining marker margin (RMM) is the average of regional indicator margins weighted for bp's crude refining capacity in each region. Each regional marker margin is based on product yields and a marker crude oil deemed appropriate for the region. The regional indicator margins may not be representative of the margins achieved by bp in any period because of bp's particular refinery configurations and crude and product slate. Renewables pipeline - Renewable projects satisfying the following criteria until the point they can be considered developed to final investment decision (FID): Site based projects that have obtained land exclusivity rights, or for PPA based projects an offer has been made to the counterparty, or for auction projects pre-qualification criteria has been met, or for acquisition projects post a binding offer being accepted. Replacement cost (RC) profit or loss / RC profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders reflects the replacement cost of inventories sold in the period and is calculated as profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders, adjusting for inventory holding gains and losses (net of tax). RC profit or loss for the group is not a recognized GAAP measure. bp believes this measure is useful to illustrate to investors the fact that crude oil and product prices can vary significantly from period to period and that the impact on our reported result under IFRS can be significant. Inventory holding gains and losses vary from period to period due to changes in prices as well as changes in underlying inventory levels. In order for investors to understand the operating performance of the group excluding the impact of price changes on the replacement of inventories, and to make comparisons of operating performance between reporting periods, bp's management believes it is helpful to disclose this measure. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders. A reconciliation to GAAP information is provided on page 1. RC profit or loss before interest and tax is bp's measure of profit or loss that is required to be disclosed for each operating segment under IFRS. Reported recordable injury frequency measures the number of reported work-related employee and contractor incidents that result in a fatality or injury per 200,000 hours worked. This represents reported incidents occurring within bp's operational HSSE reporting boundary. That boundary includes bp's own operated facilities and certain other locations or situations. Reported incidents are investigated throughout the year and as a result there may be changes in previously reported incidents. Therefore comparative movements are calculated against internal data reflecting the final outcomes of such investigations, rather than the previously reported comparative period, as this this represents a more up to date reflection of the safety environment. Reserves replacement ratio - the extent to which the year's production has been replaced by proved reserves added to our reserve base. The ratio is expressed in oil-equivalent terms and includes changes resulting from discoveries, improved recovery and extensions and revisions to previous estimates, but excludes changes resulting from acquisitions and disposals. Retail sites include sites operated by dealers, jobbers, franchisees or brand licensees or joint venture (JV) partners, under the bp brand. These may move to and from the bp brand as their fuel supply agreement or brand licence agreement expires and are renegotiated in the normal course of business. Retail sites are primarily branded bp, ARCO, Amoco, Aral and Thorntons, and also includes sites in India through our Jio-bp JV. Retail sites in growth markets are retail sites that are either bp branded or co-branded with our partners in China, Mexico and Indonesia and also include sites in India through our Jio-bp JV.
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Glossary (continued) Return on average capital employed (ROACE) is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as underlying replacement cost profit, which is defined as profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders adjusted for inventory holding gains and losses, adjusting items and related taxation on inventory holding gains and losses and adjusting items total taxation, after adding back non-controlling interest and interest expense net of tax, divided by the average of the beginning and ending balances of total equity plus finance debt, excluding cash and cash equivalents and goodwill as presented on the group balance sheet over the periods presented. Interest expense before tax is finance costs as presented on the group income statement, excluding lease interest, the unwinding of the discount on provisions and other payables and other adjusting items reported in finance costs. bp believes it is helpful to disclose the ROACE because this measure gives an indication of the company's capital efficiency. The nearest GAAP measures of the numerator and denominator are profit or loss for the period attributable to bp shareholders and total equity respectively. The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator is provided on page 34. Solomon availability - See Refining availability definition. Strategic convenience sites are retail sites, within the bp portfolio, which sell bp-branded vehicle energy (e.g. bp, Aral, Arco, Amoco, Thorntons and Pulse) and either carry one of the strategic convenience brands (e.g. M&S, Rewe to Go) or a differentiated convenience offer. To be considered a strategic convenience site, the convenience offer should have a demonstrable level of differentiation in the market in which it operates. Strategic convenience site count includes sites under a pilot phase. Surplus cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures. It is a non-GAAP financial measure that should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or superior to, net cash provided by operating activities, reported in accordance with IFRS. bp believes it is helpful to disclose the surplus cash flow because this measure forms part of bp's financial frame. Surplus cash flow refers to the net surplus of sources of cash over uses of cash, after reaching the $35 billion net debt target. Sources of cash include net cash provided by operating activities, cash provided from investing activities and cash receipts relating to transactions involving non-controlling interests. Uses of cash include lease liability payments, payments on perpetual hybrid bond, dividends paid, cash capital expenditure, the cash cost of share buybacks to offset the dilution from vesting of awards under employee share schemes, cash payments relating to transactions involving non-controlling interests and currency translation differences relating to cash and cash equivalents as presented on the condensed group cash flow statement. For the full year of 2022, the sources of cash includes other proceeds related to the proceeds from the disposal of a loan note related to the Alaska divestment. The cash was received in the fourth quarter 2021, was reported as a financing cash flow and was not included in other proceeds at the time due to potential recourse from the counterparty. The proceeds are being recognized as the potential recourse reduces. See page 32 for the components of our sources of cash and uses of cash. Technical service contract (TSC) - Technical service contract is an arrangement through which an oil and gas company bears the risks and costs of exploration, development and production. In return, the oil and gas company receives entitlement to variable physical volumes of hydrocarbons, representing recovery of the costs incurred and a profit margin which reflects incremental production added to the oilfield. Tier 1 and tier 2 process safety events - Tier 1 events are losses of primary containment from a process of greatest consequence - causing harm to a member of the workforce, damage to equipment from a fire or explosion, a community impact or exceeding defined quantities. Tier 2 events are those of lesser consequence. These represent reported incidents occurring within bp's operational HSSE reporting boundary. That boundary includes bp's own operated facilities and certain other locations or situations. Reported process safety events are investigated throughout the year and as a result there may be changes in previously reported events. Therefore comparative movements are calculated against internal data reflecting the final outcomes of such investigations, rather than the previously reported comparative period, as this this represents a more up to date reflection of the safety environment. Underlying effective tax rate (ETR) is a non-GAAP measure. The underlying ETR is calculated by dividing taxation on an underlying replacement cost (RC) basis by underlying RC profit or loss before tax. Taxation on an underlying RC basis for the group is calculated as taxation as stated on the group income statement adjusted for taxation on inventory holding gains and losses and total taxation on adjusting items. Information on underlying RC profit or loss is provided below. Taxation on an underlying RC basis presented for the operating segments is calculated through an allocation of taxation on an underlying RC basis to each segment. bp believes it is helpful to disclose the underlying ETR because this measure may help investors to understand and evaluate, in the same manner as management, the underlying trends in bp's operational performance on a comparable basis, period on period. Taxation on an underlying RC basis and underlying ETR are non-GAAP measures. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is the ETR on profit or loss for the period. We are unable to present reconciliations of forward-looking information for underlying ETR to ETR on profit or loss for the period, because without unreasonable efforts, we are unable to forecast accurately certain adjusting items required to present a meaningful comparable GAAP forward-looking financial measure. These items include the taxation on inventory holding gains and losses and adjusting items, that are difficult to predict in advance in order to include in a GAAP estimate. Underlying production - 2022 underlying production, when compared with 2021, is production after adjusting for acquisitions and divestments, curtailments, and entitlement impacts in our production-sharing agreements/contracts and technical service contract*. Underlying RC profit or loss / underlying RC profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders is a non-GAAP measure and is RC profit or loss* (as defined on page 39) after excluding net adjusting items and related taxation. See page 30 for additional information on the adjusting items that are used to arrive at underlying RC profit or loss in order to enable a full understanding of the items and their financial impact. Top of page 41
Glossary (continued) Underlying RC profit or loss before interest and tax for the operating segments or customers & products businesses is calculated as RC profit or loss (as defined above) including profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interests before interest and tax for the operating segments and excluding net adjusting items for the respective operating segment or business. bp believes that underlying RC profit or loss is a useful measure for investors because it is a measure closely tracked by management to evaluate bp's operating performance and to make financial, strategic and operating decisions and because it may help investors to understand and evaluate, in the same manner as management, the underlying trends in bp's operational performance on a comparable basis, period on period, by adjusting for the effects of these adjusting items. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis for the group is profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis for segments and businesses is RC profit or loss before interest and taxation. A reconciliation to GAAP information is provided on page 1 for the group and pages 6-15 for the segments. Underlying RC profit or loss per share / underlying RC profit or loss per ADS is a non-GAAP measure. Earnings per share is defined in Note 8. Underlying RC profit or loss per ordinary share is calculated using the same denominator as earnings per share as defined in the consolidated financial statements. The numerator used is underlying RC profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders rather than profit or loss attributable to bp shareholders. Underlying RC profit or loss per ADS is calculated as outlined above for underlying RC profit or loss per share except the denominator is adjusted to reflect one ADS equivalent to six ordinary shares. bp believes it is helpful to disclose the underlying RC profit or loss per ordinary share and per ADS because these measures may help investors to understand and evaluate, in the same manner as management, the underlying trends in bp's operational performance on a comparable basis, period on period. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis is basic earnings per share based on profit or loss for the period attributable to bp shareholders. upstream includes oil and natural gas field development and production within the gas & low carbon energy and oil production & operations segments. upstream/hydrocarbon plant reliability (bp-operated) is calculated taking 100% less the ratio of total unplanned plant deferrals divided by installed production capacity, excluding non-operated assets and bpx energy. Unplanned plant deferrals are associated with the topside plant and where applicable the subsea equipment (excluding wells and reservoir). Unplanned plant deferrals include breakdowns, which does not include Gulf of Mexico weather related downtime. upstream unit production cost is calculated as production cost divided by units of production. Production cost does not include ad valorem and severance taxes. Units of production are barrels for liquids and thousands of cubic feet for gas. Amounts disclosed are for bp subsidiaries only and do not include bp's share of equity-accounted entities. Working capital is movements in inventories and other current and non-current assets and liabilities as reported in the condensed group cash flow statement. Change in working capital adjusted for inventory holding gains/losses, fair value accounting effects relating to subsidiaries and other adjusting items is a non-GAAP measure. It is calculated by adjusting for inventory holding gains/losses reported in the period and from the second quarter 2021 onwards, it is also adjusted for fair value accounting effects relating to subsidiaries reported within adjusting items for the period. For 2022, it is adjusted for other adjusting items relating to the non-cash movement of US emissions obligations carried as a provision that will be settled by allowances held as inventory. This represents what would have been reported as movements in inventories and other current and non-current assets and liabilities, if the starting point in determining net cash provided by operating activities had been underlying replacement cost profit rather than profit for the period. The nearest equivalent measure on an IFRS basis for this is movements in inventories and other current and non-current assets and liabilities. bp utilizes various arrangements in order to manage its working capital including discounting of receivables and, in the supply and trading business, the active management of supplier payment terms, inventory and collateral.
Trade marks Trade marks of the bp group appear throughout this announcement. They include: bp, Amoco, Aral, Castrol ON and Thorntons
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Cautionary statement In order to utilize the 'safe harbor' provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the 'PSLRA') and the general doctrine of cautionary statements, bp is providing the following cautionary statement: The discussion in this results announcement contains certain forecasts, projections and forward-looking statements - that is, statements related to future, not past events and circumstances - with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and businesses of bp and certain of the plans and objectives of bp with respect to these items. These statements may generally, but not always, be identified by the use of words such as 'will', 'expects', 'is expected to', 'aims', 'should', 'may', 'objective', 'is likely to', 'intends', 'believes', 'anticipates', 'plans', 'we see' or similar expressions. In particular, the following, among other statements, are all forward looking in nature: plans, expectations and assumptions regarding oil and gas demand, supply, prices or volatility; expectations regarding upstream production and bp's customers & products business; expectations regarding refining margins; expectations regarding production from oil production and operations, gas and low carbon energy; expectations regarding bp's business, financial performance, results of operations and cash flows; expectations regarding future project start-ups; expectations with regards to bp's transformation to an IEC; expectations regarding price assumptions used in accounting estimates; bp's plans and expectations regarding the amount and timing of share buybacks and quarterly and interim dividends; plans and expectations regarding bp's credit rating, including in respect of maintaining a strong investment grade credit rating; plans and expectations regarding the allocation of surplus cash flow to share buybacks and strengthening the balance sheet; plans and expectations regarding bp's exit of its shareholding in Rosneft and other investments in Russia; plans and expectations with respect to the total depreciation, depletion and amortization and business and corporate underlying annual charge for 2023; plans and expectations regarding the factors taken into account in setting the dividend per ordinary share and buyback each quarter; plans and expectations regarding investments, collaborations and partnerships in charging infrastructure; plans related to bp's Launchpad accelerator; plans and expectations related to bp's transition growth engines of bioenergy, convenience, EV charging, renewables and hydrogen; plans and expectations regarding divestments, including the amount and timing of proceeds; plans and expectations regarding bp's renewable energy business; expectations regarding the underlying effective tax rate for 2023; expectations regarding the timing and amount of future payments relating to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill; expectations regarding bp's defined benefit pension plans; plans and expectations regarding capital expenditure, including that capital expenditure will be around $16-18 billion in 2023; plans and expectations regarding bp's work in the biogas industry; plans and expectations regarding projects, joint ventures and other partnerships and agreements, including partnerships and other collaborations with M&S, Mauritania, Egypt, REWE, Hertz, Chubu Electric and KMS as well as plans and expectations regarding the Mad Dog Phase 2 project in the Gulf of Mexico, the Tangguh expansion in Indonesia, operations in Trinidad and Tobago and Mozambique, the partnership with Shell and Lightsource bp to develop a solar project in Trinidad and Tobago, GTA Phase 1 Tortue projects, bp ventures' investments in 5B Holdings Pty Ltd, the sale of its interest in the bp-Husky Toledo refinery to Cenovus Energy and related operational impacts, the sale of bp's upstream business in Algeria to Eni and the development of EV charge points. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that will or may occur in the future and are outside the control of bp. Actual results or outcomes, may differ materially from those expressed in such statements, depending on a variety of factors, including: the extent and duration of the impact of current market conditions including the volatility of oil prices, the effects of bp's plan to exit its shareholding in Rosneft and other investments in Russia, the impact of COVID-19, overall global economic and business conditions impacting bp's business and demand for bp's products as well as the specific factors identified in the discussions accompanying such forward-looking statements; changes in consumer preferences and societal expectations; the pace of development and adoption of alternative energy solutions; developments in policy, law, regulation, technology and markets, including societal and investor sentiment related to the issue of climate change; the receipt of relevant third party and/or regulatory approvals; the timing and level of maintenance and/or turnaround activity; the timing and volume of refinery additions and outages; the timing of bringing new fields onstream; the timing, quantum and nature of certain acquisitions and divestments; future levels of industry product supply, demand and pricing, including supply growth in North America and continued base oil and additive supply shortages; OPEC+ quota restrictions; PSA and TSC effects; operational and safety problems; potential lapses in product quality; economic and financial market conditions generally or in various countries and regions; political stability and economic growth in relevant areas of the world; changes in laws and governmental regulations and policies, including related to climate change; changes in social attitudes and customer preferences; regulatory or legal actions including the types of enforcement action pursued and the nature of remedies sought or imposed; the actions of prosecutors, regulatory authorities and courts; delays in the processes for resolving claims; amounts ultimately payable and timing of payments relating to the Gulf of Mexico oil spill; exchange rate fluctuations; development and use of new technology; recruitment and retention of a skilled workforce; the success or otherwise of partnering; the actions of competitors, trading partners, contractors, subcontractors, creditors, rating agencies and others; bp's access to future credit resources; business disruption and crisis management; the impact on bp's reputation of ethical misconduct and non-compliance with regulatory obligations; trading losses; major uninsured losses; the possibility that international sanctions or other steps or actions taken by any competent authorities or any other relevant persons may impact Rosneft's business or outlook, bp's ability to sell its interests in Rosneft, or the price for which bp could sell such interests; the actions of contractors; natural disasters and adverse weather conditions; changes in public expectations and other changes to business conditions; wars and acts of terrorism; cyber-attacks or sabotage; and other factors discussed elsewhere in this report, as well as those factors discussed under "Risk factors" in bp's Annual Report and Form 20-F 2021 as filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission and those factors discussed under "Principal risks and uncertainties" in bp's Report on Form 6-K regarding results for the six-month period ended 30 June 2022 as filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
This announcement contains inside information. The person responsible for arranging the release of this announcement on behalf of BP p.l.c. is Ben Mathews, Company Secretary.
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Contacts
BP p.l.c.'s LEI Code 213800LH1BZH3D16G760
07-Feb-2023 CET/CEST The EQS Distribution Services include Regulatory Announcements, Financial/Corporate News and Press Releases. |
Language: | English |
Company: | BP p.l.c. |
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End of Announcement | EQS News Service |
1553049 07-Feb-2023 CET/CEST