WASHINGTON (dpa-AFX) - Researchers at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have made a significant discovery regarding the microbial content of commercially available tattoo and permanent makeup inks.
In a study published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Dr. Seong-Jae (Peter) Kim, a microbiologist with the FDA's Division of Microbiology, reported the presence of both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in these products. Of particular concern was the finding that even unopened and sealed tattoo inks can harbor anaerobic bacteria, which thrive in low-oxygen environments like the dermis, as well as aerobic bacteria.
The study identified the presence of Cutibacterium acnes, a bacterium known to cause acne and infections related to implants, as the most frequently detected anaerobic bacteria in permanent makeup inks. Additionally, bacteria like Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, both linked to urinary tract infections, were also found. The injection of ink deep into the skin, where bacteria can thrive, raises serious concerns about potential infections and injuries. Linda Katz, director of the FDA's Office of Cosmetics and Colors, highlighted the potential risks, explaining that pathogens or harmful substances in these inks can travel from the injection site throughout the body via the bloodstream and lymphatic system. If not addressed swiftly, this could lead to sepsis, tissue damage, organ failure, and even death.
The study, which examined tattoo and permanent makeup inks from 14 different manufacturers, revealed contamination in some products, including those from France and China. It remains unclear which specific brands were included in the study and whether the FDA has taken action against those associated with contaminated products. The results of the study imply that current sterilization processes may not effectively eliminate all microorganisms, or that the labeling claims may not be reliable.
Addressing the issue, John Swierk, an assistant professor of chemistry at Binghamton University, emphasized the lack of standardized methods for sterilizing inks and the necessity for consistent and standardized manufacturing practices within the tattoo ink sector. Dr. Kim's research team aims to develop more effective techniques for detecting contamination in tattoo inks and underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring to ensure their microbial safety.
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