ANNAPOLIS, Md.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--HA Sustainable Infrastructure Capital, Inc. ("HASI," "we," "our" or the "Company") (NYSE: HASI), a leading investor in climate solutions, today reported results for the third quarter of 2024.
Key Highlights
- Closed transactions with multiple new clients over the last few months, including Lightsource bp and Vision RNG.
- Funded additional investments for CCH1 with partnership progressing as expected.
- Managed assets increased 14% year-over-year to $13.1 billion and our Portfolio grew 15% year-over-year to $6.3 billion.
- Transactions totaled $396 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $1.2 billion through the first three quarters of 2024.
- Yields on new portfolio investments through the first three quarters of 2024 were approximately 10.5%, with total portfolio yield rising to 8.1% at the end of the quarter.
- GAAP EPS of $(0.17), compared with $0.20 a year ago, and Adjusted EPS of $0.52, compared to $0.62 a year ago.
- Guidance for Adjusted EPS growth from 2024 to 2026 confirmed and quarterly dividend declared of $0.415 per share.
"Our Q3 and 2024 YTD results underscore the resiliency and consistency of our business," said Jeffrey A. Lipson, president and CEO of HASI. "We expect to continue to deliver growth in our adjusted earnings and managed assets amidst ongoing volatility in interest rates and uncertainties related to public policy."
A summary of our financial results is detailed in the table below:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
(in thousands, except for per share data) | ||||||||||||
GAAP Net investment income | $ | 4,750 | $ | 17,039 | $ | 16,747 | $ | 44,224 | ||||
Adjusted Net investment income | 65,142 | 58,789 | 192,066 | 159,937 | ||||||||
Gain on sale of assets | 7,678 | 22,405 | 62,084 | 52,915 | ||||||||
GAAP Net Income | (19,616 | ) | 21,446 | 129,949 | 59,075 | |||||||
GAAP Diluted earnings per share | (0.17 | ) | 0.20 | 1.09 | 0.59 | |||||||
Adjusted earnings | 62,624 | 68,801 | 215,213 | 171,605 | ||||||||
Adjusted earnings per share | 0.52 | 0.62 | 1.83 | 1.70 | ||||||||
Sustainability and Impact Highlights
An estimated 70,000 metric tons of carbon emissions will be avoided annually by our transactions closed this quarter, equating to a CarbonCount® score of 0.18 metric tons per $1,000 invested. All in, including assets we have not retained in our portfolio, our managed assets are avoiding approximately 8 million metric tons of carbon emissions annually, based on our proprietary CarbonCount score.
Investment Activity
We closed new investments totaling approximately $396 million in the third quarter, bringing total closed transactions to more than $1.2 billion for the first three quarters of 2024. Weighted average yields on new portfolio investments have been underwritten at approximately 10.5% through the first three quarters of the year.
As of September 30, 2024, our managed assets totaled $13.1 billion, up 14% year-over-year, and our portfolio of assets on our balance sheet was approximately $6.3 billion, up 15% year-over-year. Our portfolio remains well-diversified across established clean energy end markets with approximately $3.0 billion of behind-the-meter assets and approximately $2.4 billion of grid-connected assets, with the remainder in fuels, transport, and nature assets.
The following is an analysis of the performance ratings of our portfolio as of September 30, 2024:
Portfolio Performance | |||||||||||||||||||
Commercial | Government | Commercial | Commercial | ||||||||||||||||
1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | Total | |||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total receivables | $ | 2,914 | $ | 35 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,949 | |||||||||
Less: Allowance for loss on receivables | (49 | ) | - | - | - | (49 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net receivables | 2,865 | 35 | - | - | 2,900 | ||||||||||||||
Receivables held-for-sale | 19 | 3 | - | - | 22 | ||||||||||||||
Investments | 16 | 2 | - | - | 18 | ||||||||||||||
Real estate | 3 | - | - | - | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Equity method investments (4) | 3,320 | - | 33 | - | 3,353 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 6,223 | $ | 40 | $ | 33 | $ | - | $ | 6,296 | |||||||||
Percent of Portfolio | 98 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | - | % | 100 | % | |||||||||
(1) | This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe that our risk of not receiving our invested capital remains low. |
(2) | This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe there is a moderate level of risk of not receiving some or all of our invested capital. |
(3) | This category includes our assets where based on our credit criteria and performance to date, we believe there is substantial doubt regarding our ability to recover some or all of our invested capital. Loans in this category are placed on non-accrual status. |
(4) | Some of the individual projects included in portfolios that make up our equity method investments have government off-takers. As they are part of large portfolios, they are not classified separately. |
Financial Results
"Our 2024 Adjusted EPS remains on track to grow in line with our expectations, supported by the onboarding of approximately 10 new clients," said Marc Pangburn, Chief Financial Officer of HASI. "Our successful asset rotation initiative where we have replaced lower yielding for higher yielding investments, at a gain, has contributed to a more profitable Portfolio."
GAAP Earnings and EPS
Total revenue of $82 million in the third quarter of 2024 decreased by 9% year-over-year, from $90 million in the third quarter of 2023, driven by a $15 million decrease in gain on sale income, the result of a change in the mix and volume of assets being securitized. Interest and securitization asset income increased $13 million, driven by a higher average receivables and securitization assets balance and higher average interest rate. Rental income decreased by $6 million due to the sale of real estate assets in 2023 and 2024.
Interest expense of $59 million increased $16 million year-over-year, primarily due to a larger average outstanding debt balance and a higher average interest rate. We recorded a $1 million provision for loss on receivables and securitization assets, due primarily to new loans and loan commitments made during the quarter. Compensation and benefits and general and administrative expenses increased by a combined $1 million, primarily due to the growth of the company.
Income from equity method investments decreased by approximately $26 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to the mark-to-market impact of power purchase agreements entered into by some of the projects in which we invest. Income tax benefit increased by approximately $2 million due to lower GAAP pre-tax income (loss) this period.
GAAP net income (loss) to controlling shareholders in the third quarter of 2024 was $(20) million, compared to $21 million in the same period in 2023.
Adjusted Earnings and EPS
In addition to our GAAP results, we also present non-GAAP measures to enhance the usefulness of financial information and allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management internally for planning, forecasting, and evaluating our operating performance.
GAAP net investment income in the third quarter of 2024 of $5 million includes all of our interest expense but only the portion of our investment returns that is reflected in GAAP interest income and rental income revenue. Because it does not include the portion of our investment returns recognized through our Equity Method investments, GAAP net investment income fails to capture all of the economic returns earned by our Portfolio.
Given that GAAP net investment income, and in turn GAAP net income, does not reflect such economic returns, our non-GAAP measures Adjusted net investment income and Adjusted Earnings are utilized by management to monitor and evaluate our business as we believe they are a helpful indicator of the underlying economics of our investments. We also believe they provide investors and analysts with useful supplemental information to understand the financial performance of our business and to analyze financial and business trends and enable a useful comparison of financial results between periods.
Adjusted net investment income is calculated using an Equity Method Investments Earnings Adjustment. The Equity Method Investments Earnings Adjustment is calculated using our underwritten project cash flows discounted back to the net present value, based on a target investment rate, with the cash flows to be received in the future reflecting both a return on the capital (based upon the underwritten investment rate) and a return of the capital we have committed to our renewable energy equity method investments, as adjusted to reflect the performance of the project and the cash distributed.
Adjusted net investment income was $65 million in the third quarter of 2024, compared to $59 million in the third quarter of 2023.
Adjusted Earnings is calculated using the same Equity Method Investments Earnings Adjustment that is used to calculate adjusted net investment income. Adjusted Earnings excludes the recognition of income using HLBV, which uses profit and loss allocations that may differ materially from the agreed upon allocations of a project's cash flows, and in turn reflects income that can differ substantially from the economic returns achieved by a project in any given period.
Adjusted Earnings also excludes non-cash equity compensation expense, provisions for loss on receivables, amortization of intangibles, non-cash provision (benefit) for taxes, and earnings attributable to non-controlling interests, and also makes an adjustment to eliminate our portion of fees we earn from related-party co-investment structures. Please refer to the Explanatory Notes in this press release for a more detailed explanation of Adjusted Earnings.
Adjusted earnings in the third quarter of 2024 was approximately $63 million, a decrease of $6 million over the same period in 2023, primarily driven by lower gain on sale income, offset partially by growth in adjusted net investment income due to a larger portfolio. Adjusted EPS was $0.52, compared to $0.62 a year ago.
Leverage
As of September 30, 2024, cash and cash equivalents were $44 million and total debt outstanding was $4.1 billion. Our debt-to-equity ratio at September 30, 2024, was 1.8, within our target range of 1.5 to 2.0 and below our internal limit of 2.5.
Our weighted average interest cost, as measured by GAAP interest expense divided by average debt outstanding, was 5.7% in the third quarter of 2024, as compared to 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023.
The calculation of our fixed-rate debt and leverage ratios as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are shown in the table below:
September 30, 2024 | % of Total | December 31, 2023 | % of Total | ||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | ||||||||||
Floating-rate borrowings (1) | $ | - | - | % | $ | 338 | 8 | % | |||
Fixed-rate debt (2) | 4,131 | 100 | % | 3,909 | 92 | % | |||||
Total | $ | 4,131 | 100 | % | $ | 4,247 | 100 | % | |||
Leverage (3) | 1.8 to 1 | 2.0 to 1 | |||||||||
(1) | Floating-rate borrowings include borrowings under our floating-rate credit facilities and commercial paper issuances with less than six months original maturity, to the extent such borrowings are not hedged using interest rate swaps. |
(2) | Fixed-rate debt includes the impact of our interest rate swaps and collars on debt that is otherwise floating. Debt excludes securitizations that are not consolidated on our balance sheet. |
(3) | Leverage, as measured by our debt-to-equity ratio. |
Guidance
We confirm our guidance for both adjusted earnings per share and dividend payout ratio. We continue to expect annual adjusted earnings per share to grow at a compounded annual rate of 8% to 10% from 2024 to 2026, relative to the 2023 baseline of $2.23 per share, which is equivalent to a 2026 midpoint of $2.89 per share. We also expect distributions of annual dividends per share from 2024 to 2026 at a payout ratio of between 60% and 70% of annual adjusted earnings per share. This guidance reflects our judgments and estimates of (i) yield on our existing portfolio; (ii) yield on incremental portfolio investments, inclusive of our existing pipeline; (iii) the volume and profitability of transactions; (iv) amount, timing, and costs of debt and equity capital to fund new investments; (v) changes in costs and expenses reflective of our forecasted operations; and (vi) the general interest rate and market environment. In addition, distributions are subject to approval by our Board of Directors on a quarterly basis. We have not provided GAAP guidance as discussed in the Forward-Looking Statements section of this press release.
Dividend
Finally, our Board of Directors today approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.415 per share of common stock. This dividend will be paid on January 10, 2025, to stockholders of record as December 30, 2024.
Conference Call and Webcast Information
HASI will host an investor conference call today, Thursday, November 7, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The conference call can be accessed live over the phone by dialing 1-877-407-0890 (Toll-Free) or +1-201-389-0918 (toll). Participants should inform the operator you want to be joined to the "HASI Third Quarter 2024 Results" call. The conference call will also be accessible as an audio webcast with slides on our website. A replay after the event will be accessible as on-demand webcast on our website.
About HASI
HASI (NYSE: HASI) is a leading climate positive investment firm that actively partners with clients to deploy real assets that facilitate the energy transition. With more than $13 billion in managed assets, our vision is that every investment improves our climate future. For more information, please visit hasi.com.
Forward-Looking Statements:
Some of the information contained in this press release is forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are subject to risks and uncertainties. For these statements, we claim the protections of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in such Sections. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on such statements. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements include those discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as in other periodic reports that we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances, including, but not limited to, unanticipated events, after the date on which such statement is made, unless otherwise required by law. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict all of such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained or implied in any forward-looking statement.
The Company has not provided GAAP guidance as forecasting a comparable GAAP financial measure, such as net income, would require that the Company apply the HLBV method to these investments. In order to forecast under the HLBV method, the Company would be required to make various assumptions related to expected changes in the net asset value of the various entities and how such changes would be allocated under HLBV. GAAP HLBV earnings over a period of time are very sensitive to these assumptions especially in regard to when a partnership transaction flips and thus the liquidation scenarios change materially. The Company believes that these assumptions would require unreasonable efforts to complete and if completed, the wide variation in projected GAAP earnings based upon a range of scenarios would not be meaningful to investors. Accordingly, the Company has not included a GAAP reconciliation table related to any adjusted earnings guidance.
Estimated carbon savings are calculated using the estimated kilowatt hours, gallons of fuel oil, million British thermal units of natural gas and gallons of water saved as appropriate, for each project. The energy savings are converted into an estimate of metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions based upon the project's location and the corresponding emissions factor data from the U.S. Government and International Energy Agency. Portfolios of projects are represented on an aggregate basis.
HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC.
| |||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended September 30, | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
Revenue | |||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 64,068 | $ | 54,295 | $ | 195,539 | $ | 145,624 | |||||
Rental income | 83 | 6,039 | 2,012 | 19,013 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of assets | 7,678 | 22,405 | 62,084 | 52,915 | |||||||||
Securitization asset income | 9,082 | 5,620 | 19,197 | 13,381 | |||||||||
Other income | 1,054 | 1,492 | 3,466 | 2,353 | |||||||||
Total revenue | 81,965 | 89,851 | 282,298 | 233,286 | |||||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||
Interest expense | 59,401 | 43,295 | 180,804 | 120,413 | |||||||||
Provision for loss on receivables and securitization assets | 1,233 | 9,792 | (944 | ) | 12,481 | ||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 17,221 | 16,296 | 58,711 | 48,527 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 6,993 | 6,708 | 24,001 | 24,826 | |||||||||
Total expenses | 84,848 | 76,091 | 262,572 | 206,247 | |||||||||
Income before equity method investments | (2,883 | ) | 13,760 | 19,726 | 27,039 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from equity method investments | (23,405 | ) | 2,759 | 162,019 | 27,429 | ||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | (26,288 | ) | 16,519 | 181,745 | 54,468 | ||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | 7,112 | 5,128 | (49,429 | ) | 5,299 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (19,176 | ) | $ | 21,647 | $ | 132,316 | $ | 59,767 | ||||
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest holders | 440 | 201 | 2,367 | 692 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling stockholders | $ | (19,616 | ) | $ | 21,446 | $ | 129,949 | $ | 59,075 | ||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.12 | $ | 0.59 | ||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 1.09 | $ | 0.59 | ||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding-basic | 116,584,392 | 107,715,057 | 114,518,199 | 98,665,598 | |||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding-diluted | 116,584,392 | 109,145,088 | 129,562,463 | 101,142,782 | |||||||||
HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC.
| |||||||
September 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||
Assets | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 44,053 | $ | 62,632 | |||
Equity method investments | 3,353,224 | 2,966,305 | |||||
Receivables, net of allowance of $49 million and $50 million, respectively | 2,899,707 | 3,073,855 | |||||
Receivables held-for-sale | 22,183 | 35,299 | |||||
Real estate | 2,987 | 111,036 | |||||
Investments | 17,576 | 7,165 | |||||
Securitization assets, net of allowance of $3 million and $3 million, respectively | 257,537 | 218,946 | |||||
Other assets | 75,257 | 77,112 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 6,672,524 | $ | 6,552,350 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other | $ | 218,844 | $ | 163,305 | |||
Credit facilities | 116,388 | 400,861 | |||||
Green commercial paper notes | 18,265 | 30,196 | |||||
Term loan facility | 412,309 | 727,458 | |||||
Non-recourse debt (secured by assets of $302 million and $239 million, respectively) | 130,347 | 160,456 | |||||
Senior unsecured notes | 2,840,077 | 2,318,841 | |||||
Convertible notes | 613,195 | 609,608 | |||||
Total Liabilities | 4,349,425 | 4,410,725 | |||||
Stockholders' Equity: | |||||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding | - | - | |||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 118,194,568 and 112,174,279 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 1,182 | 1,122 | |||||
Additional paid in capital | 2,567,654 | 2,381,510 | |||||
Accumulated deficit | (318,084 | ) | (303,536 | ) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 7,537 | 13,165 | |||||
Non-controlling interest | 64,810 | 49,364 | |||||
Total Stockholders' Equity | 2,323,099 | 2,141,625 | |||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 6,672,524 | $ | 6,552,350 | |||
HA SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL, INC.
| |||||||
Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||
2024 | 2023 | ||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 132,316 | $ | 59,767 | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||
Provision for loss on receivables | (944 | ) | 12,481 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 690 | 2,746 | |||||
Amortization of financing costs | 12,994 | 9,347 | |||||
Equity-based compensation | 19,002 | 14,977 | |||||
Equity method investments | (122,042 | ) | (937 | ) | |||
Non-cash gain on securitization | (58,978 | ) | (34,080 | ) | |||
(Gain) loss on sale of receivables and investments | 7,717 | 1,305 | |||||
Changes in receivables held-for-sale | (16,763 | ) | 40,183 | ||||
Changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses | 69,357 | 8,952 | |||||
Change in accrued interest on receivables and investments | (52,244 | ) | (26,087 | ) | |||
Cash received (paid) upon hedge settlement | 19,261 | - | |||||
Other | 7,689 | 3,686 | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 18,055 | 92,340 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||
Equity method investments | (200,202 | ) | (583,323 | ) | |||
Equity method investment distributions received | 26,705 | 20,259 | |||||
Proceeds from sales of equity method investments | 2,107 | - | |||||
Purchases of and investments in receivables | (501,548 | ) | (1,016,467 | ) | |||
Principal collections from receivables | 508,704 | 167,406 | |||||
Proceeds from sales of receivables | 124,150 | 7,634 | |||||
Proceeds from sale of real estate | 115,767 | - | |||||
Purchases of investments and securitization assets | (10,537 | ) | (14,404 | ) | |||
Posting of hedge collateral | (26,380 | ) | - | ||||
Receipt of hedge collateral | 16,150 | - | |||||
Other | (845 | ) | (285 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 54,071 | (1,419,180 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||
Proceeds from credit facilities | 831,792 | 777,000 | |||||
Principal payments on credit facilities | (1,116,792 | ) | (342,000 | ) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of term loan | 250,000 | 200,000 | |||||
Principal payments on term loan | (563,148 | ) | (9,575 | ) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of non-recourse debt | 94,000 | - | |||||
Proceeds from issuance of commercial paper notes | - | 49,775 | |||||
Principal payments on commercial paper notes | (12,000 | ) | |||||
Principal payments on non-recourse debt | (72,302 | ) | (14,714 | ) | |||
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes | 900,355 | - | |||||
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes | - | 402,500 | |||||
Principal payments on convertible notes | - | (143,748 | ) | ||||
Redemption of senior unsecured notes | (400,000 | ) | - | ||||
Purchase of capped calls related to the issuance of convertible notes | - | (37,835 | ) | ||||
Net proceeds of common stock issuances | 179,722 | 465,015 | |||||
Payments of dividends and distributions | (142,178 | ) | (115,087 | ) | |||
Withholdings on employee share vesting | (502 | ) | (1,466 | ) | |||
Payment of financing costs | (27,100 | ) | (13,302 | ) | |||
Posting of hedge collateral | (134,150 | ) | - | ||||
Receipt of hedge collateral | 124,700 | 106,330 | |||||
Other | (969 | ) | (2,493 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (88,572 | ) | 1,320,400 | ||||
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (16,446 | ) | (6,440 | ) | |||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 75,082 | 175,972 | |||||
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 58,636 | $ | 169,532 | |||
Interest paid | $ | 142,808 | $ | 91,988 | |||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activity | |||||||
Residual assets retained from securitization transactions | $ | 31,662 | $ | 26,020 | |||
Equity method investments retained from securitization and deconsolidation transactions | 32,564 | 144,603 | |||||
Equity method investments retained from sale of assets upon establishment of co-investment structure | 54,655 | - | |||||
Deconsolidation of non-recourse debt | 51,233 | 257,746 | |||||
Deconsolidation of assets pledged for non-recourse debt | 51,761 | 374,608 | |||||
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Earnings
We calculate adjusted earnings as GAAP net income (loss) excluding non-cash equity compensation expense, provisions for loss on receivables, amortization of intangibles, non-cash provision (benefit) for taxes, losses or (gains) from modification or extinguishment of debt facilities, any one-time acquisition related costs or non-cash tax charges and the earnings attributable to our non-controlling interest of Hannon Armstrong Sustainable Infrastructure, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (our "Operating Partnership"). We also make an adjustment to eliminate our portion of fees we earn from related-party co-investment structures, and for our equity method investments in the renewable energy projects as described below. We will use judgment in determining when we will reflect the losses on receivables in our adjusted earnings, and will consider certain circumstances such as the time period in default, sufficiency of collateral as well as the outcomes of any related litigation. In the future, adjusted earnings may also exclude one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain other adjustments as approved by a majority of our independent directors. Prior to 2024, we referred to this metric as distributable earnings.
We believe a non-GAAP measure, such as adjusted earnings, that adjusts for the items discussed above is and has been a meaningful indicator of our economic performance in any one period and is useful to our investors as well as management in evaluating our performance as it relates to expected dividend payments over time. Additionally, we believe that our investors also use adjusted earnings, or a comparable supplemental performance measure, to evaluate and compare our performance to that of our peers, and as such, we believe that the disclosure of adjusted earnings is useful to our investors.
Certain of our equity method investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects are structured using typical partnership "flip" structures where the investors with cash distribution preferences receive a pre-negotiated return consisting of priority distributions from the project cash flows, in many cases, along with tax attributes. Once this preferred return is achieved, the partnership "flips" and the common equity investor, often the operator or sponsor of the project, receives more of the cash flows through its equity interests while the previously preferred investors retain an ongoing residual interest. We have made investments in both the preferred and common equity of these structures. Regardless of the nature of our equity interest, we typically negotiate the purchase prices of our equity investments, which have a finite expected life, based on our underwritten project cash flows discounted back to the net present value, based on a target investment rate, with the cash flows to be received in the future reflecting both a return on the capital (at the investment rate) and a return of the capital we have committed to the project. We use a similar approach in the underwriting of our receivables.
Under GAAP, we account for these equity method investments utilizing the HLBV method. Under this method, we recognize income or loss based on the change in the amount each partner would receive, typically based on the negotiated profit and loss allocation, if the assets were liquidated at book value, after adjusting for any distributions or contributions made during such quarter. The HLBV allocations of income or loss may be impacted by the receipt of tax attributes, as tax equity investors are allocated losses in proportion to the tax benefits received, while the sponsors of the project are allocated gains of a similar amount. The investment tax credit available for election in solar projects is a one-time credit realized in the quarter when the project is considered operational for tax purposes and is fully allocated under HLBV in that quarter (subject to an impairment test), while the production tax credit required for wind projects and electable for solar projects is a ten year credit and thus is allocated under HLBV over a ten year period. In addition, the agreed upon allocations of the project's cash flows may differ materially from the profit and loss allocation used for the HLBV calculations in a given period. We also consider the impact of any OTTI in determining our income from equity method investments.
The cash distributions for those equity method investments where we apply HLBV are segregated into a return on and return of capital on our cash flow statement based on the cumulative income (loss) that has been allocated using the HLBV method. However, as a result of the application of the HLBV method, including the impact of tax allocations, the high levels of depreciation and other non-cash expenses that are common to renewable energy projects and the differences between the agreed upon profit and loss and the cash flow allocations, the distributions and thus the economic returns (i.e. return on capital) achieved from the investment are often significantly different from the income or loss that is allocated to us under the HLBV method in any one period. Thus, in calculating adjusted earnings, for certain of these investments where there are characteristics as described above, we further adjust GAAP net income (loss) to take into account our calculation of the return on capital (based upon the underwritten investment rate) from our renewable energy equity method investments, as adjusted to reflect the performance of the project and the cash distributed. We believe this equity method investment adjustment to our GAAP net income (loss) in calculating our adjusted earnings measure is an important supplement to the HLBV income allocations determined under GAAP for an investor to understand the economic performance of these investments where HLBV income can differ substantially from the economic returns in any one period.
We have acquired equity investments in portfolios of renewable energy projects which have the majority of the distributions payable to more senior investors in the first few years of the project. The following table provides our results related to our equity method investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) under GAAP | $ | (23 | ) | $ | 3 | $ | 162 | $ | 27 | |||
Collections of Adjusted earnings | $ | 26 | $ | 12 | $ | 57 | $ | 30 | ||||
Return of capital | 6 | 12 | 10 | 17 | ||||||||
Cash collected | $ | 32 | $ | 24 | $ | 67 | $ | 47 | ||||
Adjusted earnings does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In addition, our methodology for calculating adjusted earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other companies to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our reported adjusted earnings may not be comparable to similar metrics reported by other companies.
Reconciliation of our GAAP Net Income to Adjusted Earnings
We have calculated our adjusted earnings and provided a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to adjusted earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 in the tables below.
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | per share | $ | per share | $ | per share | $ | per share | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to controlling stockholders (1) | $ | (19,616 | ) | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 21,446 | $ | 0.20 | $ | 129,949 | $ | 1.09 | $ | 59,075 | $ | 0.59 | ||||||||||||
Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reverse GAAP (income) loss from equity method investments | 23,405 | (2,759 | ) | (162,019 | ) | (27,429 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Add equity method investments earnings (2) | 59,436 | 41,034 | 174,189 | 113,453 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elimination of proportionate share of fees earned from co-investment structures (3) | (236 | ) | - | (347 | ) | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-based expense | 4,118 | 3,499 | 21,459 | 16,372 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for loss on receivables (4) | 1,233 | 9,792 | (944 | ) | 12,481 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on debt modification or extinguishment | 953 | - | 953 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 3 | 716 | 177 | 2,260 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cash provision (benefit) for income taxes | (7,112 | ) | (5,128 | ) | 49,429 | (5,299 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 440 | 201 | 2,367 | 692 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted earnings | $ | 62,624 | $ | 0.52 | $ | 68,801 | $ | 0.62 | $ | 215,213 | $ | 1.83 | $ | 171,605 | $ | 1.70 | ||||||||||||||
Shares for adjusted earnings per share (5) | 119,799,985 | 110,290,640 | 117,568,734 | 101,046,485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) | The per share amounts represent GAAP diluted earnings per share and is the most comparable GAAP measure to our adjusted earnings per share. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) | This is a non-GAAP adjustment to reflect the return on capital of our equity method investments as described above. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3) | This adjustment is to eliminate the intercompany portion of fees received from co-investment structures that for GAAP net income is included in the Equity method income line item. Since we remove GAAP Equity method income for purposes of our Adjusted Earnings metric, we add back the elimination through this adjustment. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(4) | In addition to these provisions, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we concluded that an equity method investment along with certain loans we had made to this investee, were not recoverable. The equity method investment and loans had a carrying value of $0 due to the losses already recognized through GAAP income from equity method investments as a result of operating losses sustained by the investee. We have excluded this write-off from Adjusted earnings, as this investment was an investment in a corporate entity which is not a part of our current investment strategy and is immaterial to our Portfolio. The loss associated with this investment is included in our Average Annual Realized Loss on Managed Assets metric disclosed in the Management's Discussion and Analysis found in our Form 10-Q. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5) | Shares used to calculated adjusted earnings per share represents the weighted average number of shares outstanding including our issued unrestricted common shares, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, long-term incentive plan units, and the non-controlling interest in our Operating Partnership. We include any potential common stock issuances related to share based compensation units in the amount we believe is reasonably certain to vest. As it relates to Convertible Notes, we will assess the market characteristics around the instrument to determine if it is more akin to debt or equity based on the value of the underlying shares compared to the conversion price. If the instrument is more debt-like then we will include any related interest expense and exclude the underlying shares issuable upon conversion of the instrument. If the instrument is more equity-like and is more dilutive when treated as equity then we will exclude any related interest expense and include the weighted average shares underlying the instrument. We will consider the impact of any capped calls in assessing whether an instrument is equity-like or debt like. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted Net Investment Income
We have a portfolio of debt and equity investments in climate change solutions. We calculate adjusted net investment income by adjusting GAAP-based net investment income for those adjusted earnings adjustments described above which impact investment income. We believe that this measure is useful to investors as it shows the recurring income generated by our Portfolio after the associated interest cost of debt financing. Our management also uses adjusted net investment income in this way. Our non-GAAP adjusted net investment income measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP-based net investment income to our adjusted net investment income:
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 64,068 | $ | 54,295 | $ | 195,539 | $ | 145,624 | |||
Rental income | 83 | 6,039 | 2,012 | 19,013 | |||||||
GAAP-based investment revenue | 64,151 | 60,334 | 197,551 | 164,637 | |||||||
Interest expense | 59,401 | 43,295 | 180,804 | 120,413 | |||||||
GAAP-based net investment income | 4,750 | 17,039 | 16,747 | 44,224 | |||||||
Equity method earnings adjustment (1) | 59,436 | 41,034 | 174,189 | 113,453 | |||||||
Amortization of real estate intangibles (2) | 3 | 716 | 177 | 2,260 | |||||||
Adjusted net investment income | $ | 65,142 | $ | 58,789 | $ | 192,066 | $ | 159,937 | |||
(1) | Reflects adjustment for equity method investments described above. |
(2) | Adds back non-cash amortization related to acquired real estate leases. |
Managed Assets
As we consolidate assets on our balance sheet, securitize assets off-balance sheet, and manage assets in which we coinvest with other parties, certain of our receivables and other assets are not reflected on our balance sheet where we may have a residual interest in the performance of the investment, such as a retained interest in cash flows. Thus, we present our investments on a non-GAAP "managed" basis, which assumes that securitized receivables are not sold. We believe that our Managed Asset information is useful to investors because it portrays the amount of both on- and off-balance sheet receivables that we manage, which enables investors to understand and evaluate the credit performance associated with our portfolio of receivables, investments, and residual assets in securitized receivables. Our non-GAAP Managed Assets measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP-based Portfolio to our Managed Assets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
As of | |||||
September 30, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||
(dollars in millions) | |||||
Equity method investments | $ | 3,353 | $ | 2,966 | |
Receivables, net of allowance | 2,900 | 3,074 | |||
Receivables held-for-sale | 22 | 35 | |||
Real estate | 3 | 111 | |||
Investments | 18 | 7 | |||
GAAP-Based Portfolio | 6,296 | 6,193 | |||
Assets held in securitization trusts | 6,747 | 6,060 | |||
Assets held in co-investment structures | 74 | - | |||
Managed assets | $ | 13,117 | $ | 12,253 | |
Adjusted Cash from Operations Plus Other Portfolio Collections
We operate our business in a manner that considers total cash collected from our portfolio and making necessary operating and debt service payments to assess the amount of cash we have available to fund dividends and investments. We believe that the aggregate of these items, which combine as a non-GAAP financial measure titled Adjusted Cash Flow from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections, is a useful measure of the liquidity we have available from our assets to fund both new investments and our regular quarterly dividends. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be comparable to similarly titled or other similar measures used by other companies. Although there is also not a directly comparable GAAP measure that demonstrates how we consider cash available for dividend payment, below is a reconciliation of this measure to Net cash provided by operating activities.
Also, Adjusted Cash Flow from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections differs from Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities in that it excludes many of the uses of cash used in our investing activities such as in Equity method investments, Purchases of and investments in receivables, Purchases of real estate, Purchases of investments, Funding of escrow accounts, and excludes Withdrawal from escrow accounts, and Other. In addition, Adjusted Cash Flow from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections is not comparable to Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities in that it excludes many of our financing activities such as proceeds from common stock issuances and borrowings and repayments of unsecured debt. We evaluate Adjusted Cash Flow from Operations plus Other Portfolio Collections on a trailing twelve month ("TTM") basis, as cash collections during any one quarter may not be comparable to other single quarters due to, among other reasons, the seasonality of projects operations and the timing of disbursement and payment dates.
Cash available for reinvestment is a non-GAAP measure which is calculated as adjusted cash flow from operations plus other portfolio collections less dividend and distribution payments made during the period. We believe Cash available for reinvestment is useful as a measure of our ability to make incremental investments from reinvested capital after factoring in all necessary cash outflows to operate the business. Management uses Cash available for reinvestment in this way, and we believe that our investors use it in a similar fashion.
Plus: | Less: | ||||||||||||||
For the year ended, | For the nine months ended, | For the TTM ended, | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2023 | September 30, 2024 | September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 99,689 | $ | 18,055 | $ | 92,340 | $ | 25,404 | |||||||
Changes in receivables held-for-sale | (51,538 | ) | 16,763 | (40,183 | ) | 5,408 | |||||||||
Equity method investment distributions received | 30,140 | 26,705 | 20,259 | 36,586 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of equity method investments | - | 2,107 | - | 2,107 | |||||||||||
Principal collections from receivables | 197,784 | 508,704 | 167,406 | 539,082 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of receivables | 7,634 | 124,150 | 7,634 | 124,150 | |||||||||||
Proceeds from sales of land | - | 115,767 | - | 115,767 | |||||||||||
Principal collection from investments (1) | 3,805 | 266 | 313 | 3,758 | |||||||||||
Principal payments on non-recourse debt | (21,606 | ) | (72,302 | ) | (14,714 | ) | (79,194 | ) | |||||||
Adjusted cash flow from operations plus other portfolio collections | 265,908 | 740,215 | 233,055 | 773,068 | |||||||||||
Less: Dividends | (159,786 | ) | (142,178 | ) | (115,087 | ) | (186,877 | ) | |||||||
Cash Available for Reinvestment | $ | 106,122 | $ | 598,037 | $ | 117,968 | $ | 586,191 | |||||||
(1) Included in Other in the cash provided (used in) investing activities section of our statement of cash flows. | |||||||||||||||
Plus: | Less: | ||||||||||||||
For the year ended, | For the nine months ended, | For the TTM ended, | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2023 | September 30, 2024 | September 30, 2023 | September 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Components of adjusted cash flow from operations plus other portfolio collections: | |||||||||||||||
Cash collected from our Portfolio | 442,322 | 718,588 | 346,321 | 814,589 | |||||||||||
Cash collected from sale of assets (1) | 34,034 | 252,847 | 27,773 | 259,108 | |||||||||||
Cash used for compensation and benefit expenses and general and administrative expenses | (78,681 | ) | (62,516 | ) | (62,222 | ) | (78,975 | ) | |||||||
Interest paid (2) | (138,418 | ) | (123,548 | ) | (91,988 | ) | (169,978 | ) | |||||||
Securitization asset and other income | 28,189 | 22,223 | 20,797 | 29,615 | |||||||||||
Principal payments on non-recourse debt | (21,606 | ) | (72,302 | ) | (14,714 | ) | (79,194 | ) | |||||||
Other | 68 | 4,923 | 7,087 | (2,096 | ) | ||||||||||
Adjusted cash from operations plus other portfolio collections | $ | 265,908 | $ | 740,215 | $ | 233,055 | $ | 773,068 | |||||||
(1) Includes cash from the sale of assets on our balance sheet as well as securitization transactions. | |||||||||||||||
(2) For the nine months and TTM ended September 30, 2024, interest paid includes a $19 million benefit from the settlement of a derivative which was designated as a cash flow hedge. | |||||||||||||||
Contacts
Investor Contact:
Aaron Chew
investors@hasi.com
410-571-6189
Media Contact:
Gil Jenkins
media@hasi.com
443-321-5753
